With the proceeds from leasing his machines to the Census Bureau, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company in Eventually, it would merge with several other firms in , and was renamed International Business Machines in The company continued to develop faster and more complex tabulating machines over the next several decades.
You might know the company better by its acronym, still in use today: I. Joseph Stromberg was previously a digital reporter for Smithsonian. Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine proved to be pivotal in the history of information technology. The machines were first used in a major project for the 11th census in the USA in Whereas it had taken eight years to evaluate the tenth census, this census was completed in just three years.
This success induced Hollerith to found the Tabulating Machine Company. Although the need for automatic data processing was growing, he only made half-hearted attempts to boost sales. Throughout his life, Hollerith felt that he was an inventor rather than an entrepreneur.
The technical solution of a problem was far more important to him than the business success of his inventions. His unconventional character and violent temper made it more and more difficult to run the company, with the result that it was sold to the Computer Tabulating Recording Company in , a company that was renamed as the International Business Machines Corporation IBM in He acted as a consultant for the company for some years, but finally withdrew into private life.
Herman Hollerith Replica of the first Hollerith machine consisting of a pantograph punch, contact mechanism, counters, and sorter. Hollerith's ideas for automation of the census are expressed succinctly in Patent No. He also invented the first automatic card-feed mechanism , the first key punch , and took what was perhaps the first step towards programmin g by introducing a wiring panel in his Type I Tabulator , allowing it to do different jobs without having to be rebuilt! The Tabulator was hardwired to operate only on Census cards.
These inventions were the foundation of the modern information processing industry. And indeed, Columbia's records show that at the school's June [] commencement he did, in fact, become Dr. The Minutes of the Faculty of the School of Mines, 3 April , state regarding Hollerith's lack of prior matriculation in the doctoral program : " Resolved , that the Board of Trustees be respectfully requested to waive this requirement in the case of Mr.
Hollerith, and to grant him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy upon the work which he has performed" and by the subsequent Trustees resolution of 7 April , granting him the degree.
Honors: Medaille d'Or, Exposition Universelle de
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